Plagiarism and Retraction Policy of AIRA Journal

AIRA upholds academic integrity and publication ethics. We require high originality in every submitted manuscript. Plagiarism and all forms of ethical misconduct are serious violations and will not be tolerated.

Plagiarism Policy

Plagiarism is the act of using another person\'s ideas, processes, results, or words without proper acknowledgment. AIRA uses plagiarism detection software (such as Turnitin or similar tools) to screen all submitted manuscripts.

Types of Plagiarism Include:

• Word-for-Word Plagiarism: Copying text directly without quotation marks or attribution.
• Mosaic Plagiarism: Using phrases from a source without quotation, altering some words or sentence structure, but retaining the original idea and wording without proper attribution.
• Idea Plagiarism: Using another person\'s idea, argument, concept, or theory without giving appropriate credit.
• Self-Plagiarism / Duplication: Reusing significant parts or the entirety of one\'s previously published work without clear acknowledgment or necessary permission, including duplicate or redundant publication.
• Fabrication and Falsification of Data: Creating fake data or results (fabrication) or manipulating data or results (falsification) that do not accurately reflect the research.

Consequences of Plagiarism:

If plagiarism or any other unethical practice is detected at any stage (pre- or post-publication), AIRA will take appropriate action, including:

1. Pre-Publication: The manuscript will be immediately rejected and the author may be banned from future submissions to AIRA.
2. Post-Publication: The published article found to contain plagiarism or serious ethical violation will undergo a formal retraction in accordance with COPE guidelines.

Retraction Policy

Retraction is a formal process to withdraw a published article due to serious errors, ethical violations, or other issues that compromise the validity and integrity of the scholarly record.

Main Reasons for Retraction Include:

• Plagiarism: Proven instances of plagiarism as described above.
• Fabrication or Falsification of Data: Evidence of data being fabricated or manipulated.
• Duplicate or Redundant Publication: The article was previously published elsewhere without proper disclosure.
• Critical Errors: Fundamental scientific errors that render the findings or conclusions invalid or unreliable.
• Serious Ethical Violations: Such as conducting research without ethical approval, or violation of subjects’ rights.
• Authorship Misconduct: Such as including authors without significant contribution, or excluding contributors.

Retraction Procedure:

1. Issue Identification: Concerns may be raised by authors, reviewers, readers, or editors.
2. Investigation: The Editor-in-Chief, with the editorial board, will conduct a full investigation. Authors will be given the opportunity to respond or provide clarification.
3. Retraction Decision: If a serious violation is confirmed, the Editor-in-Chief and/or Editorial Board will decide on the retraction.
4. Retraction Notification:
   • A formal Retraction Notice will be published clearly on AIRA explaining the reason for retraction.
   • The retracted article will remain online, marked clearly as "Retracted" on each PDF page, with a link to the Retraction Notice.
   • The retraction record will be indexed in the journal’s database and relevant indexing services.

AIRA strongly adheres to transparency and accountability. We believe that clear policies on plagiarism and retraction are essential to maintain trust in academic publishing.