THE ROLE OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN ENHANCING TRACEABILITY AND VISIBILITY ACROSS DISPERSED GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORKS
Keywords:
Blockchain, Global Networks, Security, Supply Chain, TraceabilityAbstract
The pervasive lack of transparency, traceability, and security in contemporary dispersed global supply chain networks (GSCNs) creates systemic vulnerabilities, fostering inefficiencies, product counterfeiting, and significant safety risks. In response, blockchain technology (BCT) has emerged as a disruptive solution. The objective of this study is to systematically review and synthesize empirical evidence from 2020 to 2024 to assess the role of blockchain technology in enhancing supply chain traceability and visibility. This systematic literature review adheres to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines (Page et al., 2021), analyzing peer-reviewed empirical studies sourced from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The thematic synthesis of 15 selected studies reveals a primary finding: blockchain technology, particularly when integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT), demonstrably enhances end-to-end traceability, validates product provenance, and strengthens stakeholder trust. However, the synthesis also confirms that widespread adoption is severely constrained by critical technical barriers, notably scalability limitations and a persistent lack of interoperability between systems. Furthermore, significant organizational hurdles and complex regulatory conflicts, especially the fundamental tension between blockchain’s immutability and data privacy laws like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (Janssen & Klievink, 2024), present formidable challenges. Future research is trending toward scalable permissioned blockchains, the development of cross-chain protocols, and the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for predictive and autonomous supply chain management.
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